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自由主义是近代西方资产阶级革命和改革的重要指导思想,随着时代的变迁其内涵也不断丰富。阅读下列材料: 材料一 有些人认为君主专制政体是世界上唯一的政体,其实是和公民社会不相调和的,因而它完全不可能是公民政府的一种形式。 ——洛克《政府论》 材料二 从英国革命、美国革命和法国革命中出现的自由主义,采取了立宪议会政体的制度形式,关心平等的公民权利,不过,并不关心平等的政治权利和社会权利。随着19世纪的逝去,自由主义……转变为一种更加民主的自由主义。 ——斯塔夫里阿诺斯《全球通史》 材料三 自由主义在历史上有解除束缚的作用……在最近百年中最大成绩,例如英国自从一八三二年以来的政治革新,直到今日的工党政府,都是不流血的和平革新,所以在许多人的心目中自由主义竞成了“和平改革主义”的别名。 ――《自由主义》 请回答: 结合所学知识指出英国是通过什么实现从“君主专制政体”转变为“公民政府”的?(1分)确立这一转变成果的法律文件是什么?
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