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【简答题】
1992年6月27日15时20分,某油脂化工厂癸二酸车间两在运行的蓖麻油水解釜突然发生爆炸,设备完全炸毁,癸二酸车间厂房东侧被炸倒塌,距该车间北侧6的动力站房东侧也被炸毁倒塌,与癸二酸车间厂房东侧相隔18米的新建药用甘油车间西墙被震裂,玻璃全部被震碎,钢窗大部分损坏,个别墙体被飞出物击穿,癸二酸车间因爆炸局部着火。现场及动力站、药用甘油车间当即死亡5人,另有1人在送往医院途中死亡,1人在医院抢救中死亡;厂外距离爆炸点西183米处,1老人在路旁休息,被爆炸后飞出的重40公斤的水解釜残片拦腰击中身亡。这次事故共死亡8人,重伤4人,轻伤13人,直接经济损失360000余元。 爆炸的两台水解釜,是由油脂化工厂委托通辽市锅炉厂设计制造的。水解釜筒体直径1800毫米,材质为20g,筒体壁厚14毫米,壁厚16毫米,容积为15.3立方米。工作压力为0.78兆帕,工作温度为175℃,工作介质为蓖麻油、氧化锌、蒸汽、水解反应后生成的甘油和蓖麻油酸。釜顶装有安全阀和压力表,设备类别为I类压力容器,1989年3月投入使用。在使用过程中,哲盟所于1991年7月5日,进行过一次使用登记前的外部检查。1992年6月23日,爆炸的1号釜曾发生泄漏事故。次日,癸二酸车间在既没有报告工厂有关部门,又没有分桥泄漏原因的情况下,对1号釜泄漏部分进行了补焊。补焊后第四天(即6月27日)即发生了爆炸事故。每台釜实际累计运行时间约为19个月。分析事故原因并制定整改措施。
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