Washington Irving was America's first man of letters to be known inter nationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of the most successful writers of his time in either country, delighting a large general public and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his spirits, his artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the New. Thackery described Irving as' a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty socially the equal of the most refined Europeans. ' In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford--an unusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation--and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature America made him ambassador to Spain. Irving's background provides little to explain his literary achievements. A gifted but deliberate child, he had little schooling. He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously. He was immune to his strict Presbyterian home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and the theatre. Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving's personal qualities on his literary success?