The two trends have added complexity and difficulty to fashion logistics management. First is the growing tendency to source product and materials ________, causing longer ________. The pressure for seeking low-cost manufacturing came from the retailers. Between 1986 and 1991 one-sixth of all clothing factories in the European Union closed down as retailers switched their sourcing off-shore, increasing to the Far East. However, the longer replenishment lead time will cause severe suffering in either lose of sales or longer ‘pipelines’ with more inventory.