People throughout history have used public speaking as a vital means of (1)______________ and (2)____________. Because you will live the rest of your life in a globalized world, the need for English public speaking will almost surely touch you at some time. To be successful giving speeches in English, you need to be a (3)_____________ competent communicator. You must show respect for the cultural values and expectations of the people who come to hear you. This does not mean that you have to devalue your own culture. There is no inherent conflict between being a competent English public speaker and being fully Chinese. Because public speaking involves the use of English as a working language, it requires (4)_____________ thinking skills, which helps you organize your ideas, spot (5)_____________ in other people's reasoning, and avoid them in your own. There are many similarities between public speaking and conversation, but there are also important differences. First, public speaking requires more detailed preparation than ordinary conversation. Second, it requires more formal language. Third, it demands that speakers adjust their (6)_____________ to the larger audience and work at avoiding distracting physical mannerisms and verbal habits. The speech communication process includes seven elements: speaker, (7)_____________ , channel, (8)_____________ , feedback, interference, and (9)_____________ . The interaction of these elements determines the outcome of any public speech.