Passage One Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage. Dogs are social animals and they will behave like wild animals without proper training. They destroy your house and belongings, bark too often, fight other dogs and even hurt you. Nearly all behavior problems are perfectly normal dog activities that take place at the wrong time or place or for the wrong things. The key to preventing or treating behavior problem is learning to teach the dog to redirect its normal behavior to outlets that are acceptable in the domestic setting. One of the best things you can do for your dog and yourself is obedience training. Obedience training doesn't solve all behavior problems, but it is the foundation for solving just about any problem. Training helps the communication between you and your dog, which is necessary to instruct your dog about what you want it to do. Training is also an easy way to establish the social rank order. When your dogs obeys a simple request of “come here, sit”, it is showing obedience and respect for you. Sometimes you can use extreme measures to establish yourself as top dog or leader of the dog pack. You can teach your dog to show submission to you. Most dogs love performing tricks for you pleasantly if they accept that you are in charge. Training should be fun and rewarding for you and your dog. It can be helpful for your relationship and make it more enjoyable to live with your dog. A well-training dog is more confident and is allowed a greater amount of freedom than an untrained animal. 1. Behavior problems of dogs are believed to . A) worsen in modern society B) occur when they go wild C) be just part of their nature D) present a threat to the community 2. The primary purpose of obedience training is to . A) teach the dog to perform clever tricks B) enable the dog to regain its normal behavior C) make the dog aware of its owner's authority D) provide the dog with outlets for its wild behavior 3. Effective communication between a dog and its owner is . A) an extreme measure in obedience training B) a good way to teach the dog new tricks C) the foundation for dogs to perform tasks D) essential to solve the dog’s behavior problems 4. Why do pet dogs love performing tricks for their masters? A) To show their willingness to obey. B) To show their affection for their masters. C) To avoid being punished. D) To win leadership over the dog pack. 5. When a dog has received effective obedience training, its owner . A) will enjoy a better family life B) can give the dog more freedom C) can give the dog more rewards D) will have more confidence in himself Passage Two Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage. It is necessary that most people determine whether or not they should exercise. This is true with anyone over thirty-five, especially if they have been heavy smokers. Likewise, young adults who have been very inactive should proceed slowly and cautiously. They had better get a physical evaluation from a physician, which includes an exercise-stress test. A stress test detects cardiovascular ( 心血管的) problems that might not show up when the body is at rest. This is done by monitoring blood pressure, pulse rate, oxygen consumption, and the heart’s electrical activity while exercising. No matter what kind of exercise they choose, exercisers should start with warm-up periods, which include stretching exercises, jumping jacks ( 原地跳跃运动), or brisk walking. They can help increase heart rate and circulation slowly without placing a sudden strain on the heart or the muscles that are starting to work. Moreover, in the second phase, people have to determine the amount of exercise that is enough to condition the muscles and cardiovascular system without overly straining the body. This involves taking one’s pulse and finding one’s target zone. This target zone, or safe-training pulse rate, is established by subtracting one’s age from 220 and then taking 60 percent to 80 percent of that total. If you are just starting to exercise 60 percent is recommended; 80 percent is recommended if you are already in good condition. 6. According to the passage, any one over thirty-five should . A) stop smoking right away B) do morning exercises every day C) take an exercise-stress test before exercising D) go and see a doctor after exercising 7. Which of the following is NOT included in a stress test? A) Monitoring blood pressure. B) Observing one’s pulse rate. C) Watching one’s oxygen consumption. D) Increasing one’s heart rate. 8. The author suggests that if you are healthy and at the age of 40, the safe-training pulse rate should be . A) 220 B) 144 C) 108 D) 80 9. The word “phase” in the last paragraph has the same meaning as . A) condition B) appearance C) step D) expression 10. The passage is mainly about . A) what steps should be taken when exercising B) how to get started on an exercise program C) how to select an exercise program D) when to start exercising