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(2019·江苏高考·24)A[历史上重大改革回眸] 清末民国时期,中国面临千年未有之变局,学界和政界纷纷讨论变法。和是其中颇具代表性的两位。阅读下列材料: 材料一 (宋)以降,指凡公()所变之法,皆曰 “恶法”,其为意气偏激,固无待言......吾常谓天下有绝对的恶政治,而无绝对的良政治。施政之本意,而在于谋国利民福,殆可谓之“良”也已。 ——《传》 材料二 “所行的新法,都是民生主义的事实。”(《全集》)......清末民国时期,很多学界政界人士积极主张学习西方,但很快发现西方文化也存在巨大问题与缺陷,需要在中华文化中寻找智慧加以补充改进。 ——、周一星《略论变法的现代影响》 完成下列要求: ( 1)据材料一,指出与前人对变法的不同态度及其原因。( 5 分) ( 2)新法中“民生主义的事实”历历可知。据材料二并结合所学知识,以免役法为例,指出是如何进行政策设计的,并说明其积极效果。( 6 分) ( 3)据材料二并结合所学知识,分析清末民国时期学界和政界关注变法的主客观原因。( 4 分)
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