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The modern age is an age of electricity. People are so used to electric lights, radio, televisions, and telephones that it is hard to imagine what life would be like without them. When there is a power failure, people grope about in flickering candlelight, cars hesitate in the streets because there are no traffic lights to guide them, and food spoils in silent refrigerators. Yet, people began to understand how electricity works only a little more than two centuries ago. Nature has apparently been experimenting in this field for million of years. Scientists are discovering more and more that the living world may hold many interesting secrets of electricity that could benefit humanity. All living cells send out tiny pulses of electricity. As the heart beats, it sends out pulses of record; they form an electrocardiogram, which a doctor can study to determine how well the heart is working. The brain, too, sends our brain waves of electricity, which can be recorded in an electroencephalogram. The electric currents generated by most living cells are extremely small,often so small that sensitive instruments are needed to record them. But in some animals, certain muscle cells have become so specialized as electrical generators that they do not work as muscle cells at all. When large numbers of these cells are linked together, the effects can be astonishing. The electric eel is an amazing storage battery. It can send a jolt of as much as eight hundred volts of electricity through the water in which it lives. ( An electric house current is only one hundred and twenty volts, but two hundred and twenty volts in China.) As many as four-fifths of all the cells in the electric eel's body are specialized for generating electricity, and the strength of the shock it can deliver corresponds roughly to length of its body 56. Electricity was invented ______. A. when man had no candles B. about 200 years ago C. to be operating computers. D. by Thomse Edison 57. The following things can send out pulses of electricity except______. A. electric eels and human hearts. B. Electrical generators and animal muscle. C. Stones and dry wood. D. human brain and living cells. 58. The electric current send out by an eel can be A. as much as 800 volts.                   B. about one hundred and twenty volts. C. as high as the house current in China.      D. stored in the water where it lives. 59. From this shot passage we can infer _____. A. the shorter an eel is, the stronger electricity it produces. B. we can always feel the electricity produced by living cells. C. human beings get their knowledge about electricity from nature. D. people learn about electricity from eels.
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【简答题】流体在圆形直管内流动时,在一般湍流区则摩擦系数 λ 与 及 有关。在完全湍流区则 λ 与雷诺系数的关系线趋近于 线。
【多选题】人工土方定额遇到以下情况(),应乘以系数。
A.
挖桩承台土方
B.
挖土深度超过3m,采用机械挖土
C.
局部挖土深度超过3m仍采用人工土方挖土
D.
挖运湿土
【多选题】流体在管内作湍流流动时,其摩擦系数与( )等有关。
A.
流速
B.
管径
C.
流体密度
D.
管壁的粗糙度
【单选题】临床骶管麻醉时,确定骶管裂孔的骨性标志是
A.
骶岬
B.
骶正中嵴
C.
骶角
D.
骶后孔
E.
耳状面
【单选题】腰椎间盘突出好发于腰3-5及腰5~骶1,是因为该部位
A.
椎间盘较厚
B.
韧带松弛
C.
血供差
D.
活动度大
E.
肌肉松弛
【单选题】临床骶管麻醉时,确定骶管裂孔的骨性标志是
A.
骶正中嵴
B.
骶角
C.
骶后孔
D.
耳状面
【单选题】腰椎间盘突出好发于腰3-5及腰5~骶1,是因为该部位
A.
椎间盘较厚
B.
韧带松弛
C.
血供差
D.
活动度大
【简答题】流体在圆形直管内流动时,在湍流区则摩擦系数λ与( ) 及( ) 有关。在完全湍流区则λ与雷诺系数的关系线趋近于( ) 。
【单选题】流体在圆形直管内呈层流流动时的摩擦系数λ =/Re;在管内呈一般湍流时,摩擦系数λ与( )有关。
A.
雷诺数和粗糙度
B.
雷诺数和相对粗糙度
C.
雷诺数或相对粗糙度
D.
雷诺数或粗糙度
【简答题】流体在圆形直管内流动时,在湍流区则摩擦系数与Re和ε/d有关,在完全湍流区摩擦系数与雷诺系数的关系线趋近于 线。
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