The concerns in animal welfare can include how animals are slaughtered for food, how they are used in scientific research, how they are kept (as pets, in zoos, farms, circuses, etc.), and how human activities affect the welfare and survival of wild species.

Respect for animal welfare is often based on the belief that non-human animals are sentient and that consideration should be given to their well-being or suffering, especially when they are under the care of humans.

Animal welfare science uses various measures, such as longevity, disease, immunosuppression, behavior, physiology, & reproduction, although there is debate about which of these indicators provide the best information.

Animal welfare is the well-being of animals. The standards of "good" animal welfare vary considerably between different contexts.

Need for a suitable environment

Need for a suitable diet

Need to be able to exhibit normal behavior patterns (such as exercise)

Need to be housed with, or apart, from other animals; need to be protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease

詹姆斯.高斯林

冯.诺依曼

乔布斯

比尔.盖茨

Bill Gates

Jame Gosling

Steve Jobs

Larry Elison

On Aug 24 1966, the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (P.L. 89-544) was signed into law. The Act sets minimum standards of care and housing for dogs, cats, primates, rabbits, hamsters and guinea pigs in the premises of animal dealers and laboratories, and it requires identification of dogs and cats to prevent theft. Dealers must be licensed and laboratories must be registered.

Animals covered under this Act include any live or dead cat, dog, hamster, rabbit, nonhuman primate, guinea pig, and any other warm-blooded animal determined by the Secretary of Agriculture for research, pet use or exhibition.

Excluded from the Act are birds, rats of the genus Rattus (laboratory rats), mice of the genus Mus (laboratory mice), farm animals, & all cold-blooded animals.

On Dec 24 1970, Congress amends the Laboratory Animal Welfare Act (P.L. 91-579), renamed the Animal Welfare Act, extending protection to all warm-blooded animals in laboratories.

Bill Gates

Jame Gosling

Steve Jobs

Larry Ellison

1. Need for a suitable environment; 2. Need for a suitable diet;

3. Need to be able to exhibit normal behavior patterns (such as exercise);

4. Need to be housed with, or apart, from other animals;

5. Need to be protected from pain, suffering, injury and disease.

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