请阅读Passage l。完成第小题。 Every year， the Nobel Prize is given to outstanding work in six fields: physics， chemistry， medicine， literature， economics， and work in peace. These prizes are named after Alfred Nobel， who asked for the Nobel Foundation to be made in his will. He was an inventor and businessman. Nobel was born in Stockholm， Sweden in 1883. His father， Immanuel Nobel has periods of success in building bridges and periods of not making any money. Immanuel sent Alfred to study chemistry in Paris. Alfred met Ascanio Sobrero， who found the liquid nitroglycerine， a liquid that explodes very easily. Alfred thought about making use of nitroglycerine in the construction of bridges and tunnels. An accident happened during the experiment with the liquid， causing an explosion， which killed and injured several people， including his brother. He continued looking for ways to make this liquid not explode so easily. Nobel was successful in finding a safe way to store the liquid and in 1864 began producing huge amounts of it. He found that mixing it with kind of sand would turn the liquid into a paste. He then wanted to shape the paste into rods that would make it easy to blow up rock when building a tunnel. In 1867， he patented the material as dynamite. This patent greatly reduced the costs of blasting rock and drilling tunnels. As a businessman， Nobel set up laboratories that made dynamite in 90 locations in more than 20 countries. Although dynamite was useful in construction， many people used it as a weapon in war. At age 43， the wealthy and lonely businessman put an ad in the newspaper for a secretary though he was really looking for a wife. Bertha Kinsky worked as his secretary for a short time， but married another man and became Bertha von Suttner. Bertha and Alfred remained friends and wrote letters many years later. She most likely influenced him to strive for peace. She published a novel Lay Down Your Arms! in 1859 and became a leading figure in the peace movement. For these reasons， she was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1905. Alfred Nobel‘s family 查看材料