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某条形基础底面宽 B =1 .6 m ,埋深 D=1 .0 m ,图 7 - 1 ,基础承受中心荷载作用,基底处的平均压力 P =200K Pa ,基础两侧填土的容重 g 1 =17 k N/m 3 ,基底以下饱和粉质粘土,容重 g 2 =19 k N/m 3 ,地下水位在基底以下 1 .8 m 处。该饱和粉质粘土在不同排水条件下抗剪强度试验成果如图 7-2 所示(试样取自基底标高以下 0 .8 m 处)。要求: 图7-1 图7-2 (1) 计算基底附加压力 P 0 在 M 点(位于基础边缘以下 B/4=0.4 m )所产生的附加应力 σ 2 、 σ x 和 τ xz 。 (2) 计算基底下 0.4 m 处的自重应力 σ cz ,如侧压力系数 K 0 =1 ,那么 σ cx 又等于多少? (3) 计算 M 点处的附加应力和自重应力之和 σ z ( m ) , σ x ( m )和 τ xz ( m )。 (4) 确定 M 点的大主应力 σ 1 ,、小主应力 σ 3 和大主应力与 z 轴的夹角 α 0 。可用解法或应力圆图解法,见材料力学关于平面应力状态的分析,但采用如下的符号规定:压应力为正,剪应力对单元体内任意点的矩为反时针方向时取正号)。 (5) 在图 7 - 2 所示的三条抗剪强度曲线 a 、 b 和 c (总应力法)中,指出哪一条是不排水剪,固结不排水剪,排水剪强度曲线,并分别确定三种排水条件下土的强度指标 e , j , C c u , C d 和 j d 。 (6) 在 σ - τ 坐标平面上作出 M 点的应力圆(在方格纸上,建议以 5m m 代表 10 KPa ),从应力圆上确定 τ max 的大小和 τ max 所在微面上的正应力 σ ,计算该微面的固结不排水剪的抗剪强度 S ,并说明该微面的应力是否处于被限平衡状态。 (7) 在 σ - τ 坐标平面上作出该土的固结不排水剪抗剪强度曲线,由 M 点的应力圆与该抗剪曲线的关系,判别 M 点是否处于极限平衡状态,如处于极限平衡状态,试确定剪切破坏面上剪应力(或抗剪强度)数值,破裂面与主应力平面的夹角( α )以及破裂面与 z 轴的夹角( w )。
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