Energy is an essential material basis for human survival and development. Over the entire history of human society, every significant step in the progress of human civilization has been accompanied by energy innovation and substitution. At present, China has become the world’s largest energy producer and formed the energy supply system, in which coal, electricity, oil, natural gas, as well as new energy and renewable energy have been fully developed. However, as a country with a large population and insufficient resources, China faces numerous challenges in energy development. For instance, the oil reserves are insufficient, and the consumption of energy resources is growing too fast. To ensure the sustainable energy development, the Chinese government gives a priority to energy conservation and encourages the exploitation of new energy and renewable energy.