有关德国和日本战后增长的讨论，正文中描述了部分资本存量在战争中被摧毁之后所出现的情况。相反，假设战争并没有直接影响资本存量，但人员死伤减少了劳动力。 a．对总产出和人均产出的影响是什么? b．假设储蓄率不变，而且战前经济处于稳定状态，那么，在战后的经济中人均产出会发生什么变动?战后人均产出增长率小于还是大于正常增长率? In the discussion of German and Japanese postwar growth，the text describes what happens when part of the capital stock is destroyed in a war. By contrast, suppose that a war does not directly affect the capital stock，but that casualties reduce the labor force. a．What is the immediate impact on total output and on output per person? b．Assuming that the saving rate is unchanged and that the economy was in a steady state before the war, what happens subsequently to output per worker in the postwar economy? Is the growth rate of output per worker after the war smaller or greater than normal?