Write a summary according to the following part in less than 100 words. The conception of poverty and what to do about it have changed over the decades. Under Social darwinism the lazy and the inefficient were supposed to be at the bottom of the economic ladder as a consequence of the “law of survival of the fittest.” Society was conceived as a network of self-sufficient families which provided for their own. Needy persons outside a household (orphans, childless elderly, and the crippled) were provided outdoor relief grudgingly and as a temporary expedient. Although it was agreed the “poor will always be with us,” the individual was expected to improve himself through acts of his own will. Charity was thought to be encouraged to work harder. At about the turn of the century, the closing of the frontier and the beginning of concern about natural resources brought uneasiness about the possible spread of beggary. The poor were a potentially dangeous class in terms of disease and disorder. The “poor” were seen as different from “paupers.” Paupers were individuals well adjusted to being on the low end of the socioeconomic scale. Without shame or bitterness, they would not seek independence and a “better life.” For the mountaineers, subsistence dwellers, and some slum dweller, the lack of weaith, it has been argued, reflects a preference not to pay the psychological costs of the struggle for riches or of adopting the middle-class work ethic of striving. In contrast, the worthy poor struggled to improve their lot against circumstances beyond their control: low wages, sickness, industrial accidents, widowhood, and so on. (254 words)