请大家翻译以下段落: Intercultural Negotiation Models SOCIO-PSYCHOLOGICAL MODEL The socio-psychological model has five parts: the goals the parties want to reach, the communication and actions leading to the negotiations, the expected outcomes for each, the pre-existing relationship and cultural factors of both parties, and the conditions under which the negotiations are conducted. The model assumes a certain amount of ethnocentrism because the national character of the negotiators cannot be overcome and may lead to certain negative interpretations being made incorrectly by each side (Ghauri,1983). PRINCIPLES MODEL The principles model, also known as the comparative, has two assumptions with four parts. It is assumed that the negotiators are problem solvers and that the negotiators share a goal that they wish to reach efficiently and amicably. The four parts are the people are separate from the problem, the focus is on interests, the options have mutual gains, and the criteria used to judge the gains are objective. The model assumes both parties would prefer to negotiate in this manner and there would be no use of power or other negative tactics; the long-term relationship would be stressed because this negotiation model does not give enough attention to the power/dependence characteristic in negotiations. The model assumes the negotiators have knowledge of each other’s behaviors (Ghauri,1983). DIRECTIONAL MODEL The directional model is based on the prediction that tough or soft moves will be followed by similar moves by the other negotiating party . The parties using this model have fallen into a pattern of reciprocal moves from which they do not seem to be able to escape. The directional model has been used extensively in the past in intercultural negotiations when foreign buyers had few alternatives and products made in the United States sold themselves even though they may not have entirely met the needs of the users(Ghauri,1983). INTERACTION MODEL The interaction model includes four aspects: environment, atmosphere, parties, and process. The environment includes political, social, and cultural variables that regulate the negotiation process. Atmosphere includes distance (the space between their positions that will need to be bridged), conflict, cooperation, power, dependence, and expectations. The corporate and national cultures of the parties affect the negotiations. The process includes the history and preconceived ideas of the negotiators (Ghauri,1983). PACKAGE DEAL MODEL The package deal model has four parts: background factors, process, atmosphere, and outcome. Background factors include the objectives, environment, market position, third parties, culture, and negotiators. The process includes time, issues, and contacts. Atmosphere includes cooperation/conflict, distance, power/dependence, and expectations. Outcome allows for win-win, lose-lose, or continued negotiations. The model includes cultural factors and background research before beginning the negotiation process (Ghauri,1983).