Standard English is the variety of English which is usually used in print and which is normally taught in schools and to non-native speakers learning the language. It is also the variety which is normally (1)_____ by educated people and used in news broadcasts and other (2)_____ situations. The difference between standard and nonstandard, it should be noted, has (3)_____ in principle to do with differences between formal and colloquial (4)_____; standard English has colloquial as well as formal variants. (5)_____, the standard variety of English is based on the London (6)_____ of English that developed after the Norman Conquest resulted in the removal of the Court from Winchester to London. This dialect became the one (7)_____ by the educated, and it was developed and promoted (8)_____ a model, or norm, for wider and wider segments of society. It was also the (9)_____ that was carried overseas, but not one unaffected by such export. Today, (10)_____ English is arranged to the extent that the grammar and vocabulary of English are (11)_____ the same everywhere in the world where English is used; (12)_____ among local standards is really quite minor, (13)_____ the Singapore, South Africa, and Irish varieties are really very (14)_____ different from one another so far as grammar and vocabulary are (15)_____.Indeed, Standard English is so powerful that it exerts a tremendous (16)_____ on all local varieties, to the extent that many of long-established dialects of England have (17)_____ much of their vigor and there is considerable pressure on them to be (18)_____. This latter situation is not unique (19)_____ English: it is also true in other countries where processes of standardization are (20)_____.But it sometimes creates problems for speakers who try to strike some kind of compromise between local norms and national, even supranational ones.