27 宾语补足语自学学案 () Grammar and usage Object complement 导思: What is Object complement? 翻译下面句子。注意: 哪些词和词组可以充当宾语补足语? 1. Don’t keep the door open all night. 2. We all consider him a good leader. 3. He made me repeat this sentence. 4. He asked me to carry the box for him. 5. We found a beggar lying on the river bank. 6. Tom had his leg broken yesterday. 7. We made him chairman of our Students’ Union. 8. Please keep the cat out. 9. They found her happy that day. 10.He found the door of study closed to him . ● 定义 : An object complement , which gives more information about the object, can be a noun phrase, an adjective, a to-infinitive, a bare infinitive, a present or past participle or a prepositional phrase. 宾语补足语对宾语作出进一步的补充说明。 They called her the Loulan Beauty. 在这句话中, her 是宾语, the Loulan Beauty 作宾语补足语,补充说明宾语 her 的情况。 V. + Object + Object Complement ● 可以充当宾语补足语的词和词组有: 1、 名词: They thought this good advice. They named their daughter Jenny. 注 1 :常用名词充当宾语补足语的动词有: call, name, elect, make, think, appoint, choose, find, consider, keep 等。 注 2 :充当宾语补足语的名词若表示正式的或独一无二的头衔、职位时,前面一般不用冠词, 如: They elected John chairman of the committee. 2 、形容词: You should keep your room clean and tidy. 3 、现在分词: At this moment she noticed the teacher coming in. I could feel the cold wind on my face. (blow) 4 、过去分词: When you speak English, be sure to make yourself . (understand) 5 、动词不定式: Nobody could make him his mind. (change) Would you like me with you? (come along) 注意: 使用不定式作宾语补足语时,不定式符号 to 的取舍问题 ( 1 )、在 hear, listen to, let, have, make, see, watch, notice, observe 等动词后的不定式需省去 to 。 ( 2 )、 help 一词后的不定式,可带 to ,也可以不带 to 。 6 、此外,副词和介词短语也可以充当宾语补足语,如: When do you want it back? We could hear a lot of children inside the room. ● 宾语和其补足语之间的逻辑关系: 1、 当名词,形容词,现在分词,副词和介词短语充当宾语补足语时,它们和宾语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,若无宾语补足语,则句意不完整。宾语补足语说明宾语的情况、性质、特征、状态、身份、属类或动作等。试比较: We made him our monitor. (He is our monitor.) You should keep your room clean and tidy. (Your room is clean and tidy.) 2 、当过去分词充当宾语补足语时,它与宾语之间有着动宾关系,即:宾语是过去分词所表示的动作的承受者。如: I didn’t want the children taken out in such weather. (The children were taken out in such weather.) I once heard this song sung in Japanese. (This song was once sung in Japanese.) ● 在复合宾语中,宾语通常为名词或代词,但有时也可以用不定式(短语)、动名词(短语)或 that 从句来充当。这时,应使用 it 代替宾语,而将真正的宾语移到句子的后部,如: Do you consider it any good trying again? I felt necessary to speak about our shortcomings. (注 : 在这种结构中,宾语补足语通常为名词或形容词;常用于这种结构的动词有: feel, find, think, make, consider 等。) Object complement: 答案 blowing; understood; change; to come along; it