Directions : In this section , you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. A. An outbreak of Novel coronavirus infections in Wuhan province of China in December 2019 is threatening to emerge as the next pandemic. At current count, over 40,000 cases and 600 deaths have been reported in China and over 300 cases in 25 other countries. Unofficial modeling studies by a number of institutions claimed infections of over a hundred and fifty thousand. The alarming speed of transmission is in part because the virus spreads through the air and by touch. B. Using the power of 3D medical animation, this video covers what is a pandemic, how this corona virus is spreading, how corona virus attacks the body, and what are recommended precautions to take for protecting against epidemics. C. Pandemics indicate outbreaks of disease that spread to cover an entire region all over the world. A pandemic can result in massive loss of life. In the last 100 years , there have been four global pandemics , the worst is the 1918 influenza pandemic resulting in an estimated 50 to 100 million deaths. D. While no global pandemic has been born from the family of coronavirus, two regional epidemics have resulted from this family of viruses. They include severe acute respiratory syndrome or SARS and Middle East respiratory syndrome or MERS in 2001 to 2003 and 2012 to 2015 respectively, and resulted in over 1500 deaths. E. Coronavirus outbreak (covid 19) explained through 3D Medical Animation. Much is yet to be known about the 2019 novel coronavirus. An early study of 99 infected showed a high mortality of 11 percent, similar to SARS, and ICU admission rates of 23%. An earlier study described the virus pathology with an eight-day incubation period, a week of infection followed by a potential escalation to hospitalization and intensive care over another 8 to 10 days. Other indications put the mortality rate closer to 4%. F. The virus has as of February 6 over 40,000 confirmed cases in China alone with almost 200 cases in over 25 other countries. However Dr. Jonathan Reed from the UK believes that the numbers of actual cases is far greater and has estimated between 170 to 300,000 by February 9th. This is because symptoms canbe mild and escaped reporting and testing. What's more, in stark contrast toSARS , some patients may be infectious in theirincubation period before the onset of any symptoms. G. Mechanism of action of coronavirus. The 2019 novel coronavirus is a newly discovered strain from the coronavirus family that causes respiratory disease. Humans have long been infected by coronavirus as it is one of those responsible for the common cold. It is a contagious viral infection spread through inhalation oringestion of viral droplets. As a result, coughing and sneezing and touching infected surfaces are primary sources of infection. H. The structure of coronavirus has multiple parts. Inside the virus lies the genetic encoding that allows the virus to hijack human cells and turn them into virus factories. I. It should be noted that the mechanism of action for 2019 novel coronavirus is unknown. However , scientists in China have sequenced the genome, while others have used the sequencing to visualize the structure. There is currently no cure or vaccine for the 2019 novel coronavirus, and treatment is only supportive, therefore preventing transmission is paramount. J. As an airborne virus, recommended precautions are similar to those for preventing the flu, this includes washing hands regularly with soap and water for 20 seconds, covering sneezes and coughs with the inside of the elbow, refraining from touching high contact surfaces like railings and doorknobs. If you use tissues, throw them away immediately. Avoid close contact with people who are sick. For more info on precautions and best practices see the list of references below. K. The pandemic risk of the novel coronavirus is very real, however biology has advanced greatly in the 15 years since SARS and so has communication between biologists and governments. L. China has taken monumental efforts to contain the spread of the virus, also some existing in experimental drugs are offering hope for treating the infection and improving outcomes. But even still, infection control habits remain paramount if humanity is to stave off a fall pandemic. 1.People still don’t know the mechanism of action for 2019 novel coronavirus. 2.Unofficial modeling studies by a number of Some institutions that studied unofficial modeling claimed that 150,000 people have been infected. 3.Severe acute respiratory syndrome and Middle East respiratory syndrome ,occurred in 2001 and 2012 caused over 1500 deaths. 4.The novel coronovirus is contagious and it spreads through inhaling or ingesting of viral droplets. 5.Because of an airborne virus ,scientists recommended the same precautions as the influenza. 6. It is crucial that people have to keep the habit of infection control , if people are to avoid an autumn pandemic. 7. In the four global pandemics of the last 100 years, the worst one resulted in an estimated 50 to 100 million deaths. 8. Dr. Jonathan Reed from the UK thought there were far more cases, estimated to be between 170 and 300,000 by February 9th. 9.The risk of the novel coronavirus pandemic is very real, but in the 15 years since SARS, biology has improved a lot, so has communication between biologists and governments. 10.An early study showed the pathologic of the virus---an incubation period of eight days and an infection period of one week.