请翻译以下词汇: nucleic acid, central dogma, DNA replication, transcription, reverse transcription, translation, pentose, base, ribose, deoxyribose, pyrimidine, purine, nucleotide, double-stranded DNA, purification/purify, DNA sequencing, Sanger sequencing, dideoxy sequencing, plasmid, recombinant, restriction enzyme, DNA polymerase, DNA ligase, vector, bacteriophage, phagemid, virus, gene library, cDNA library, transformation, transduction, transfection