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5 根据美国 1961 年第一季度至 1997 年第二季度数据,我们得到了如下的咖啡需求函数的回归方程: 其中, Q 为人均咖啡消费量(单位:磅) P 为咖啡的价格(以 1967 年价格为不变价格) I 为人均可支配收入(单位:千元,以 1967 年价格为不变价格) 为茶的价格( 1/4 磅, 以 1967 年价格为不变价格 ) T 为时间趋势变量( 1967 年第一季度为 1 , ...... , 1977 年第二季度为 66 ) 请回答以下问题: (1) 模型中 P 、 I 和 的系数的经济含义是什么? (2) 咖啡的价格需求是否很有弹性? (3) 咖啡和茶是互补品还是替代品? (4) 你如何解释时间变量 T 的系数? (5) 你如何解释模型中虚拟变量的作用? (6) 哪一个虚拟变量在统计上是显著的? (7) 咖啡的需求是否存在季节效应?
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