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I t c a n be a r gue t h a t t he c h a nge i n s o c i a l v a l u e s w h i c h e d u c a t i on b r i ngs a bout i s a n e c e s s a r y on e . (1 ) W e m i ght s a y t h a t p r i m a r y s o c i a l i za t i on, a s w e h a ve d e f i n e d i t , t e nds t o h a ve a fr a m e of r e f e r e n ce wh i ch r e l a t e s t o t he p a s t a nd p r ov i d e s f or t he l ea r n i ng of t r a d i t i on a l v a l u e s , wh e r ea s s e cond a r y s o c i a l i z a t i on t e nds t o h a ve a w i d e r fr a m e of r e f e r e nc e a n d p r ov i d e s f or t he a d a p t a t i on of t he i nd i v i dual t o a ch a ng i ng s oc i e t y . I t c a n a l s o be a r gue t h a t s o c i a l c h a nge i s , i n s o m e d e g r e e a t l ea s t , a c o n s e qu e n c e of e du c a t i on a nd s e c ond a r y s o c i a l i za t i on h a s o f t e n b ee n i m po s e d on s o c i e t i e s w i t hout r e g a r d t o t he i m po r t a n c e of t r a d i t i on a l v a l u e s . (2) W h i ch e v e r v i e w one t a k e s , i t s ee m s c l ea r t h a t f o r s a t i s f a c t o r y s o c i a l l ea r n i ng t o t a ke p l a ce p r i m a r y a nd s e cond a r y s o c i a l i za t i on n ee d t o be r e conc i l e d s o t h a t t h e y a r e co m p l e m e n t a r y a nd not i n con f li c t . M e n t i on h a s a l r ea dy b ee n m a de of t he s o c i a l i z i ng f un c t i on of l a ngu a g e . T he k i nd o f l a ngu a ge w h i c h t he c h il d u s e s a t ho m e or w i t h h i s p ee r g r oup, t h a t i s t o s a y t he o t h e r c h il d r e n i n t he n e i ghbo r hood w ho p l a y w i t h h i m , m a y be v e r y d i ff e r e nt fr om t he k i nd of l a ngu a ge t h a t h i s t ea c h e r e xp e c t s h i m t o u s e a t s c hoo l . (3 ) I n t h i s c a s e , t he l a ngu a ge b e h a v i our of p r i m a r y s o c i a l i za t i on i s i n c on f l i c t w i t h t he no r m s of l a ngu a ge b e h a v i our w h i c h a r e c o n s i d e r e d t o be co rr e ct f or t h e pu r po s e s of s e cond a r y s oc i a li za t i on. T h i s p r ob l e m i s m a de m o r e d i ff i c u l t by t he f a c t t h a t d i ff e r e n c e i n t he k i nd of l a ngu a ge u s e d a t ho m e a nd a t s c hool m a y go a l ong w i t h d i ff e r e n c e s i n t he u s e s of l a ngu a ge i n t h e s e t w o s i t u a t i on s . L a ngu a ge i n t he ho m e , f o r e x a m p l e , m a y be u s e d m a i n l y f or t he pu r po s e s of i n t e r a c t i on b e t w ee n t he m e m b e r s of t he f a m il y , a s a w a y o f m a i n t a i n i ng e m o t i on a l r e l a t i on s h i p s . I n t he s c hool c l a s s r oo m , h o w e v e r , t he c h il d i s o f t e n r e qu i r e d t o u s e l a ngu a ge i n a d i ff e r e nt w a y . (4) H e r e i t s pu r po s e i s not s o m u c h t o h e l p i n t e r a c t i on a s t o s e r ve a s a m ea ns of a c qu i r i ng a nd o r g a n i z i ng know l e dg e . I t s e r v e s a n i n t e l l e c t u a l r a t h e r t h a n a n e m o t i on a l pu r po s e . I n t h i s c a s e , c on f li c t o c c u r s b e c a u s e t he u s e s of l a ngu a ge d e v e l o p e d i n p r i m a r y s o c i a li za t i on a r e not t ho s e w h i c h a r e of p r i m a r y i m po r t a n c e i n s e c ond a r y s o c i a li za t i on. I n v i e w of t h e s e d i ff i c u l t i e s , s o m e e d u c a t i on i s t s h a ve s ugg e s t e d t he n ee d f or l a ngu a ge p r og r a mm e s w h i c h w i l l p r ov i de “ v e r b a l l y d e p r i v e d ” c h il d r e n w i t h t he k i nd o f l a n g u a ge a nd i t s u s e s w h i c h t h e y w i l l n ee d f or t h e i r s c hool e du c a t i on. O t h e r e du c a t i on i s t s h a ve t a k e n t he c on t r a r y v i e w . T h e y b e li e v e t h a t e du c a t i on a l m e t hods s hou l d t h e m s e l v e s c h a nge s o t h a t t h e y r e l a t e m o r e c l o s e l y t o t he c h il d ‟ s e xp e r i e n c e , i n c l ud i ng h i s e x p e r i e n c e of l a ngu a g e . (5 ) T o t a ke t h i s v i e w i s t o a r gue t h a t s e cond a r y s o c i a l i za t i on s hou l d a d a pt i t s e l f t o p r i m a r y s o c i a l i z a t i on a s f a r a s p o ss i b l e a nd t o i m p l y t h a t t he l a tt e r s hou l d be g i v e n p r i o r i t y .
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皮皮学刷刷变学霸
举一反三
【单选题】非重型再障目前最常见的治疗药物是
A.
成分输血
B.
抗胸腺球蛋白
C.
雄激素
D.
造血细胞因子
E.
氨基乙酸
【简答题】To audience,the typical American astronaut__________.
【单选题】以下不属于颈椎病常见致病因素的是( )
A.
慢性劳损
B.
外伤史
C.
退行性变
D.
遗传因素
【单选题】下述哪项不属关节活动度训练疗法( )
A.
被动运动
B.
牵张运动
C.
平衡训练
D.
主动运动
E.
主动辅助运动
【简答题】简述危重患者支持性护理的内容
【单选题】(2011全国联赛,94)下列关于种子植物遗传问题的描述中正确的是:
A.
在胚乳的性状上可以直接表现出父本的某些性状
B.
种皮或果皮组织在发育过程中不会表现出父本的性状
C.
近年来证实,合子中属于母体的线粒体DNA产生突变,才是造成线粒体DNA异序性(heteroplasmy)的原因
D.
外源基因存在于转基因植物体内,只要不发生丢失或损伤,就会表达
【简答题】A.impressive B.effective. C.formal D.typical
【单选题】以下不属于儿童先天性运动功能障碍的是
A.
脑性瘫痪
B.
脊髓损伤
C.
脊柱裂
D.
肢体缺如
E.
遗传性髓性肌萎缩
【单选题】以下不属于儿童先天性运动功能障碍的是
A.
脑性瘫��
B.
脊髓损伤
C.
脊柱裂
D.
肢体缺如
E.
遗传性髓性肌萎缩
【多选题】下列哪些效应与电流方向有关?
A.
能斯脱效应
B.
不等位效应
C.
厄廷豪森效应
D.
里纪勒杜克效应
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