A. quarter B. underestimating C. decisive D. launched E. conquest F. retreat G. reckon with H. dragged on I. taking its toll J. caught off guard Those military planners who fail to __1__ the elements of nature in their military campaigns are more likely to taste the bitterness of a defeat. Two invasion campaigns of Russia respectively led by Napoleon and Hitler are the best examples. When Napoleon assembled his army in 1812, he predicted a quick and __2__ victory because his army was well-equipped. But he made a fatal mistake in __3__ the severity of the Russian winter. Although Napoleon occupied the capital city of Russia, he found he was unable to feed, clothes and _4__ his army in Moscow during the severe Russian winter. Napoleon decided to__5__, but was attacked by the Russians and his army was greatly weakened. Similarly, when Hitler __6__ his attack against the Soviet Union in 1941, he was confident of his unequalled military might. He even began his invasion without a declaration of war. To him, __7__ seemed inevitable. However, though __8__ by the invasion, the Russian people fought bravely and refused to surrender. The campaign __9__ and many German soldiers died from the coldness as winter came. In both the two wars, Russian’s winter turned out to be a devastating enemy, __10__ on the invading armies.