Electro-Coatings Ltd electroplates parts for the automotive industry. Customers were becoming increasingly demanding, resulting in Electro-Coatings’ undertaking a review of its ________ supply chain. The initial analysis by walking the process identified 12 key processes, shown in Fig. 2-2.Once this initial map has been produced, each step was mapped in detail, and some 60 steps were identified. These steps have been summarized as a flow diagram, showing every process step. An initial analysis of ________ and non-value-adding time was undertaken, summarizing the total time, wasted time and value-adding time for each of the 12 steps. These data were then used to produce a map with the value-adding (activity) time and non-value-adding (wasted) time shown as the series of 12 steps against total elapsed time in hours.