Section D: 听力填空, 100 分。请通过学习通作业系统提交 Task 1 Optimism includes the ___1____ that I can do something to change the situation for the better. _____2____ or ____3_____ includes the assumption that probably nothing I do will make any difference. Of course, when you're optimistic, you are more willing to take action to change things for the better, which increases the ____4_____ that things will really change for the better. That's how optimism becomes self-fulfilling. Pessimism can also become a self-fulfilling prophecy. If there is something that you have decided you cannot improve, you will no longer even try, which increases the likelihood that it will stay the way it is or get worse. Promise yourself to be so strong that nothing can ____5____ the peace of your mind. Look at the sunny side of everything and make your optimism come true Task 2 Optimism and pessimism ____6____ your general attitude toward certain situations or to life in general. And your attitude about life may be more important to living than you think. A new study suggests that your level of optimism may _____7____ your health. People who are optimistic may live longer than those who are pessimistic. Researchers at Harvard University's School of Public Health in Boston did the study. They _____8____ women with "a general ____9____ that good things will happen" to women who were less optimistic. They found that the optimists had a much lower risk of getting several deadly diseases, including ____10____, heart disease, _____11____, respiratory disease and certain types of ___12____. The researchers published their ____13____ in the American Journal of Epidemiology. Epidemiology is the study of how diseases spread and how they can be controlled. Eric Kim is one of the study leaders. He says there is increasing evidence that strengthening ____14____ resilience may help prevent disease. Resilience is the ability to recover from difficulty or change. Kim says that these new findings suggest that people should make efforts to increase their resilience and optimism. He says optimism is connected with healthier behaviors and healthier ways of dealing with difficulty. Optimists tend to take better care of themselves by ____15____, eating healthy foods and getting enough sleep. However, the researchers say that healthy behaviors of optimistic people only partly explain the ____16____ with reduced risk of disease. For the study, researchers looked at information gathered on 70,000 women in the Nurse's Health Study. This ____17____ study began in 1975. It collects health information on those involved in the study every two years. The researchers note that other studies have ___18___ optimism with reduced risk of death from cardiovascular disease. It's like having your own restart ____19____. And the counselor adds ____20____ praise or support to someone can also improve your own outlook. A smile and "thank you" from another person may help you feel more optimistic.