In early Colonial America settlers used makeshift shelters, the most primitive of which was the dugout, like a cave dug into the side of a hill, sometimes built up with sod and covered over with poles and bark. Somewhat more ambitious was the palisade hut, or cabin, built of upright poles driven into the ground, woven with wattles, chinked with clay, and roofed with turf or thatch. The 'wigwam' may be derived from the building traditions of local Indians. These were constructed by bending and tying stripped saplings into a vault, interweaving them with twigs, and covering them with bark. The interior might also be insulated with straw. Only the iron cooking pots they had brought with them gave any indication of the advanced technology out of which these people had come. Most of the New England settlers came from the rural areas of East Anglia, and the Gothic building forms of that region were transplanted, though modified by local conditions and materials. The framed half-timbered house in America continued a long medieval European tradition of carpentry construction. Tile heavy timbers were intricately joined and pegged into a rigid timber interlocking frame. In the beginning, most houses consisted of one room and an attic, with a fireplace on a short wall. Roofs were shingled or thatched and chimneys were made of logs daubed with clay. This type was long continued in use by poorer inhabitants, new arrivals, and those who pushed on into the wilderness. For the more affluent, the earlier form. was soon supplanted by the socalled 'classic' type. It had two stories and an attic, two rooms to a floor, one on either side of a central chimney built of brick. Brick and stone buildings were rare at first in the colonies because of the shortage of lime for mortar. Even when masonry houses began to symbolize status, New England retained throughout the colonial period a preference for its earlier wood tradition. The major English variant from the New England cottage was the plantation house of the southern colonies. The same Gothic traditions prevailed there, but because of the differences in economic and social life and background of these colonists, their architecture tended to imitate the English manor house rather than the yeoman's cottage. Also, these settlers crone from different areas of England, bringing with them a greater variety and preference for brick. The 'wigwam' is mentioned in line 5 as an example of a building form______.