【单选题】Cloud computing relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale. Which of the following is NOT belonging to the characterics of cloud computing?
A.
Cost reductions. Infrastructure is typically provided by a third party and need not be purchased for one-time or infrequent intensive computing tasks.
B.
Maintenance of cloud computing applications is easier, because they do not need to be installed on each user's computer and can be accessed from different places.
C.
Device and location independence enable users to access systems using a web browser regardless of their location or what device they use.
D.
Productivity may be increased when multiple users can work on the same data simultaneously, rather than waiting for it to be saved and emailed. Time may be saved as information does not need to be re-entered when fields are matched, nor do users need to install application software upgrades to their computer.
E.
Reduced security. Considering about loss of control over certain sensitive data, and the lack of security for stored kernels.