rRNA

hnRNA

tRNA

sn RNA

发展层面

教育层面

技术层面

设计层面

Fungi

Bacteria

Viruses

Viroids

Plants

rRNA

hnRNA

tRNA

snRNA

矿山企业

建筑施工企业

日用化学品生产、经营、储存单位

危险化学品生产、经营、储存单位

烟花爆竹、民用爆破器材生产企业

项目的差异

比赛的结构

裁判员的误判

运动员情绪失控

LXR is a nuclear transcription factor activated by oxysterol ligands (reflecting high cholesterol levels), which integrates the metabolism of fatty acids, sterols, and glucose. LXRα is expressed primarily in liver, adipose tissue, and macrophages; LXRβ is present in all tissues.

When bound to an oxysterol ligand, LXRs form heterodimers with a second type of nuclear receptor, the retinoid X receptors (RXR), and the LXR-RXR dimer activates transcription from a set of genes, including those for acetyl-CoA carboxylase, the first enzyme in fatty acid synthesis; fatty acid synthase; the cytochrome P-450 enzyme CYP7A1, required for sterol conversion to bile acids; apoproteins that participate in cholesterol transport (apoC-I, apoC-II, apoD, and apoE); the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters ABCA1 and ABCG1, required for reverse cholesterol transport (see below); GLUT4, the insulin-stimulated glucose transporter of muscle and adipose tissue; and an SREBP called SREBP1

The transcriptional regulators LXR and SREBP therefore work together to achieve and maintain cholesterol homeostasis; SREBPs are activated by low levels of cellular cholesterol, and LXRs are activated by high cholesterol levels.

Regulation by LXRs is complemented by the activity of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), which also forms a heterodimer with RXR, with an effect that is often reciprocal to that of LXR-RXR. Although farnesol is a ligand for this receptor, FXR responds primarily to bile acids. High levels of bile acids can be toxic. FXR, expressed mainly in the intestine, liver, kidney, and adrenal glands, provides essential control of bile acid levels by increasing or decreasing expression of multiple genes.

正确

错误