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患者女性，46岁，51kg。诊断为风湿性心脏病、二尖瓣狭窄，心功能Ⅲ级，拟行二尖瓣置换术。血压120／70mmHg；心电图示房颤，心室率75次／分。一直口服维持量地。术前心超检查发现二尖瓣口面积为1cm 2 ，EF38％。经必要的术前准备后，择期在全麻复合浅低温体外循环下行二尖瓣置换术。入手术室建立常规监测，轻度头低位下行右颈内静脉穿刺，穿刺刚完成患者诉胸闷，随即咳出多量泡沫样痰，血压85／50mmHg，心电图示房颤，心室率130次／分，脉搏血氧饱和度83％。提示：患者拟静脉诱导气管插管，中剂量芬太尼（20～30μg／kg）维持全麻。提问：针对本患者，麻醉管理原则正确的是（）A.
由于充盈过度，需降低外血管阻力
B.
防止心动过缓
C.
避免心动过速
D.
采用快诱导插管技术
E.
保持足够血容量，但要注意输注量及速度，以防肺水肿
F.
房颤伴快室率时，用洋地黄控制心率
G.
由于存在肺淤血和肺动脉高压，预防缺氧和肺血管收缩很重要
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