frankly speaking 坦率地说 ( 位于句首加 ,) 同类常用: honestly speaking = to be honest 说实话 generally speaking 一般而言,一般说来 personally speaking 就个人而言 ___________ (general) speaking, it is difficult _____________ (master) a foreign language in such a short time. 2. lay off 裁员;解雇;停止,中止 lay-laid-laid be/get laid off 被解雇 Work hard, or you might _____________ (lay) by the boss. lay off doing sth. 停止做某事 Why don't you lay off __________ (smoke) for a while until your cough gets better? 3. suspect v. 怀疑;不信任;怀疑某人有罪 n. 嫌疑人 suspect sb.of (doing) sth. 怀疑某人 ( 做 ) 某事;怀疑某人有罪 suspect + that 从句 怀疑...... Jenny suspected ________ Tom was lying to her. = Jenny suspected Tom _____ lying to her. 4. instruct a. v. 指导,教导 =teach instruct sb. on how to+V 原 教某人如何做... =instruct sb. in sth. The teacher instructed me in _________ (write). The teacher instructed me on how _______________ (write). b. v. 命令;指示 instruct sb. to do sth. 命令某人做... instruct that sb. (should) do 命令某人 ( 应该 )... 他们命令他立刻离开这个国家。 They instructed him that he ______________ (leave) the country at once. = They instructed him __________ (leave) the country at once. 5. bury (1) vt. 埋葬,埋藏;覆盖,掩盖 be buried alive 被活埋 be buried in... 被埋在... bury one's head/face in one's hands 用手捂住头 / 脸 After he died, he ____________ (bury) in Xi Shan graveyard. She buried her face _______ her hands and wept. (2)vt. 使陷入,使投入 be buried in thought 沉思 bury oneself in (doing) sth. 埋头于 / 专心于 ( 做 ) 某事 (be) buried in (doing) sth. 埋头于 / 专心于 ( 做 ) 某事 3 He buried himself in reading a book when I came in. = He ______________________________ a book when I came in. 我进来时他正专心看书。 4 ____________ (bury) in thought, he didn't notice my coming in. 由于在沉思,他没有注意到我进来。 6. distinguish vt.& vi. 区分,辨别 , 分清 vt. 使有别于,成为 ...... 的特征,使具有 ...... 特色;使出众 distinguish between A and B 区分 A 和 B distinguish A from B 把 A 和 B 区分开 distinguish oneself (as ...) 某人 ( 作为 ......) 著名 / 受人青睐 It is important to have the ability _______________ (distinguish) __________ right ______ wrong. As far as we all know, Lang Ping has already distinguished herself ____a great volleyball coach in the world. 7. alternative (1)adj. 非传统的;另类的 ( 反义词为 traditional) 1 The couple have an alternative lifestyle. 夫妇的生活另类。 (2)adj. 可供选择的;可供替代的 2 The way was blocked, so we went by an alternative road. 这条路被挡住了,因此我们走了另一条路。 3 Do you have _________________________ to the problem? 你有没有别的办法来解决这个问题? (3)n. 可供选择的事物 4 Can you think of the alternatives we would use today? 你能想到我们今天使用的替代品吗? have no alternative but to do ...=There's no alternative but to do ... 除了做 ...... 以外别无选择 5 I had no money, so I had no alternative but _____________ (stay) at home. 我没有钱,所以除了待在家里别无选择。 8. reflect vt. 反射;反映 vi. 仔细考虑,思考 (1)reflect sb./sth. (in sth.) ( 从某物中 ) 映出某人 / 物的影像 reflect on/upon sth. 思考某事 (2)reflection n. 反映;反射;映像;思考 on/upon reflection 经再三思考 1 Her beautiful face and hair _________________ (reflect) in the mirror. 她漂亮的脸蛋和头发映现在镜子里。 2 The start of a new year is a good time to reflect ________the many achievements of the past. 新年伊始是反思过去一年诸多成就的好时机。 3 This film is a real_______________ (reflect) of the living conditions of people in the western region. 这部电影真实地反映了西部人民的生活状况。 9. set off set-set-set setting (1) 出发,动身 set off for + 目的地 动身去... (2) 引爆,使爆炸 set the fireworks off 放烟花 (3) 引发,激起 set off an event 引发一个事件 America’s stock market fell, _______ (set) off a _________ (globe) financial crisis. Do be careful with those fireworks; the slightest spark could set them ______. If you want to catch that train we’d set off _____ the station immediately. 相关拓展 set up a company 建立一个公司 set down my number 记下我的号码 set out to do=set about doing 着手做... 10. lack lack-lacked-lacked ; lacking (1) V. 缺乏 lack sth. 缺乏... lack confidence in oneself 缺乏自信 (2) N. 缺乏 a lack of ... 缺少... for/ through lack of... 因缺乏... (3) be lacking in... 缺乏 He didn’t get the job because he ________ (lack) working experience. He didn’t get the job due to his lack ____ experience. He didn’t get the job because he was __________ (lack) in experience. The project was put off _______ lack of money. 11. access n .接近或进入之路; ( 使用或见到的 ) 机会,权利 have/gain/get access to 拥有...的机会 have no access to 没有...的机会 adj. accessible adj, 可达到的,可接近的 be accessible to 易于为某人得到 The students have no access ____ the meeting room upstairs. Medicine should not be kept where it is ___________ (access) to children. 12. worthwhile adj. 值得努力的,值得做的;有意义的 ( 可作定语或表语 ) It's worthwhile to do sth. doing sth. 做某事是值得的 Sometimes I doubt whether it’s worthwhile _______________________ (study) abroad for some Chinese students. (1)be worth (2)be worthy + The museum is worth ____________ (visit). 13. acquire vt. 获得,得到 acquire knowledge/experience 获得知识 / 经验 acquire a good knowledge of 学会,精通 acquire a taste for 开始喜欢 I am writing to apply for the position because this is a good opportunity ______________ (acquire) more knowledge and improve myself. My father has recently acquired a taste ______ coffee. 14. be accustomed to 习惯于 be/get/become accustomed to (doing) sth. 习惯于 ( 做 ) 某事 be/get/become used to (doing) sth. 习惯于 ( 做 ) 某事 Her eyes quickly became accustomed ____ the dark. As we all know, English people are accustomed to ___________ (drive) on the left. 相关拓展 介词 to +N/V-ing stick to 坚持 look forward to 盼望 devote oneself to 致力于 lead to 导致;通往 pay attention to 注意 15. tend to 往往会,倾向于;照顾,护理 (1)tend to do sth. 经常做某事;有做某事的倾向 tend to/towards ... 趋向,倾向于 ...... tend (to) sb. 照料,照看,护理某人 (2)tendency n. 倾向,趋势 1 I tend _____________ (sacrifice) my own interest for the group benefit. 我倾向于为集体利益牺牲自己的利益。 2 She spends her spare time ____________ (tend) to her old mother. 她的业余时间在照顾她年迈的母亲上。 3 Roughly speaking, the ____________ (tend) of the market is still uncertain. 粗略地说,这个市场的趋向仍不确定。 16. approve (1)approve vt. 批准,通过 vi. 赞成 approve of ... 赞成 ...... ,同意 ...... approve of (sb./sb.'s) doing sth. 同意 / 赞成 ( 某人 ) 做某事 (2)approval n. 批准,认可,赞同 with/without approval of 经 / 未经 ...... 的批准 The teacher approved of us __________ (make) a video to record our experiences at school. She would only do things that _______________ (approve) by her parents. He decided to go abroad for further study with the __________(approve) of his parents. 17. urge (1)vt. 力劝,强烈要求;极力主张 urge sb.to do/into doing sth. 力劝某人做某事 urge that sb. (should) do sth. 强烈要求某人应做某事 urge sth.on/upon sb. 人力 / 强调某事 1 I urge him _____________ (write) a novel about the life we live together in the country. 我力劝他写一部关于我们一起在农村生活的小说。 2 The report urged that all children (teach) to swim. 那份报告主张所有的孩子们都要学会游泳。 3 He urged his pupils the importance of hard work. 他向学生们强调用功学习的重要性。 (2)n.[C] 强烈的欲望,冲动 have an urge to do sth. 迫切想做某事 4 The vacation is coming and I have _____ urge to travel. 假期快到了,我迫切想去旅行。 18. inspire v .鼓舞,鼓励;使产生 ( 感觉或情感 ) ;赋予灵感,激发想法;启发; 启示 inspire sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 inspire sb. with sth. = inspire sth. in sb. 使某人产生 ...... 感觉 / 情感 I hope this success will inspire you ___________ (make) greater efforts. ___________ (inspire) by his speech, I made up my mind to become a doctor too. The _________ (inspire) story ________ (inspire) all of us and taught us the importance of ___________ (inspire). 19. assume vt. 假定,假设;认为 (1)assume ...to be ... 认为 ...... 是 ...... assume (that) ... 认为 ...... It is (generally) assumed that ... 人们 ( 普遍 ) 认为 ...... (2)assumption n. 假定,假设 It is reasonable _________ (assume) that the house prices will continue to go up. ____________(assume) that you are right, what should we do next? 20. adapt (1)vt. 使适应;使适合;改编,改写 adapt oneself to ... 使自己适应 ......(to 为介词 ) adapt sth. for ... 为 ...... 把某物改编 adapt sth. from ... 根据 ...... 改编某物 (2)vi. adapt to... 适应 ... 1 How to adapt ____________ (you) to the new environment is the first thing that you have to face. 2 Many people buy the books after they have been adapted ____ TV series. 3 The TV play Legend of Zhen Huan was adapted ________ a historical novel.