Historically, the term “fair trade” has meant many things. The Fair Trade League was 36 in Britain in 1881 to restrict 37 from foreign countries. In the United States, businesses and labor unions 38 “fair trade” laws to construct构建what economist Joseph Stiglitz calls “barriers to imports.” These so called “anti-dumping(反倾销)” laws allow a company that 39 a foreign one of selling a product below cost to request that the government charge收费special taxes to protect it from “unfair” 40 . Such dark protectionist thoughts are far from the 41 of the organizers of the United Kingdom’s annual “Fairtrade Fortnight”. Their 42 aim is to raise the price paid to developing-country farmers for their 43 by cutting out the inflated profits虚抬利润of the middlemen on whom they 44 for getting their goods to distant markets. Fair-trade products 45 cocoa, coffee, tea, and bananas do not compete with domestic European production, and 46 do not have a protectionist motive(动机). This is how it works: In 47 for being paid a guaranteed price and meeting “agreed labor and environmental standards” (minimum wages, no farm chemicals ), poor-country farming cooperatives(合作社) receive a FAIRTRADE mark for their products, given 48 by the FAIRTRADE Labeling Organization. This mark 49 supermarkets and other businesses to sell the products at a higher than 50 price . Third-world farmers get their income increased, 51 first-world consumers get to feel virtuous: a marriage made in heaven. The fair-trade movement, 52 in the 1980’s, has been growing rapidly. In a significant breakthrough in 1997, the British House of Commons 53 to serve only fair-trade coffee. By the end of 2007, more than 600 producers’ organizations, 54 1.4 million farmers in 58 countries, were selling fair-trade products. Today, a quarter of all bananas in UK supermarkets are sold under a FAIRTRADE mark. But FAIRTRADE-labeled products still represent a very 55 share—typically less than 1%—of global sales of cocoa, tea, coffee, etc. 小题1: A．discovered B．founded C．encouraged D．promoted 小题2: A．imports B．exports C．output D．trade 小题3: A．disobey B．break C．use D．study 小题4: A．suspects B．needs C．wants D．advertises 小题5: A．agreement B．contract C．game D．competition 小题6: A．worries B．minds C．comments D．projects 小题7: A．educational B．political C．worthy高尚 D．immediate 小题8: A．favour B．benefit C．interest D．produce (n.农产品) 小题9: A．depend B．spend C．look D．apply 小题10: A．as B．like C．with D．for 小题11: A．instead B．otherwise C．therefore D．anyhow 小题12: A．fear B．store C．preparation D．exchange 小题13: A．secretly B．publicly C．officially D．successfully 小题14: A．urges B．enables C．orders D．forces 小题15: A．normal B．potential C．lowest D．best 小题16: A．when B．while C．as D．but 小题17: A．launched B．arranged C．invented D．developed 小题18: A．wanted B．refused C．had D．decided 小题19: A．telling B．representing C．Choosing D．receiving 小题20: A．small B．little C．good D．large