One of the most important features that distinguishes reading from listening is the nature of the audience.【B1】the writer often does not know who will read what he writes, he must【B2】to be as clear as possible. Time can be taken to plan the piece of writing so that it is eventually organized into some sort of【B3】sequence, of events or life's. When we speak, however, we normally have very【B4】time to plan what we intend to say.【B5】, we may begin speaking before we【B6】what to say. Our thoughts then tumble out in【B7】a logical sequence. Since we are actually【B8】our audience face to face we may omit some of the information we believe our audience shams.【B9】the more familiar we are with our audience, the more information we are likely to leave out. In any【B10】they can always stop and ask a question or ask for clarification if we have left out too much. A reader, however, cannot do【B11】but can at least attempt comprehension at his own speed;【B12】, he can step and go backwards or forwards,【B13】to a dictionary or just stop and rest. When we listen we may have to work hard to sort out the speaker's【B14】by referring backwards and forwards while the speaker continues. As the speaker struggles to organize his thoughts, he will use filler phrases to give him time to plan.【B15】these fillers, he will still make mistakes and repeat what he has already said. His speech will be characterized【B16】a limited range of grammatical patterns and vocabulary and the use of idioms to【B17】some general meaning quickly. It should be clear, then, that the listener has to take an active【B18】in the process by ignoring the speaker's repetitions and mistakes, and by seeking out the main idea information through recall and prediction. To keep the process going【B19】he also has to inform. the speaker that he has understood【B20】actually interrupting. 【B1】