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【简答题】
某特大城市为改善目前已严重拥堵的某城市主干道的交通状况,拟投资建设一交通项目,有地铁、轻轨和高架道路三个方案。该三个方案的使用寿命均按 50 年计算,分别需每 1 5 年、 10 年、 20 年大修一次。单位时间价值为 10 元 /h ,基准折现率为 8% ,其他有关数据,见表 2-21 。不考虑建设工期的差异,即建设投资均按期初一次性投资考虑,不考虑动拆迁工作和建设期间对交通的影响,三个方案均不计残值,每年按 360 天计算。寿命周期成本和系统效率计算结果取整数,系统费用效率计算结果保留两位小数。 问题: 1. 三个方案的年度寿命周期成本各为多少 ? 2. 若采用寿命周期成本的费用效率 (CE) 法,应选择哪个方案 ? 3. 若轻轨每年造成的噪声影响损失为 7000 万元,将此作为环境成本,则在地铁和轻轨两个方案中,哪个方案较好 ?
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