Passage Two Questions 7 to 11 are based on the following passage. Did the Ancient Greeks and Romans have a sense of fashion? Historians of dress have traditionally claimed that fashion in the modern sense did not exist in Greece and Rome, but this assertion rests upon a misconception of rather sophisticated Greco-Roman attitudes toward physical appearance, as well as upon definitions of “dress” and “fashion” that are too limited. As is abundantly clear from their art and literature, the ancients attached great importance to ideals of bodily perfection and to outward appearance in general. Both the Greeks and the Romans demonstrated, from their earliest history, an extraordinary awareness of the potential of the body (and various modifications that could be made to it) as a means of making social, political, religious, and even moral distinctions, aside from the opportunities dress and body decoration represent for self-expression or the pursuit of beauty. The ancients manipulated the expressive potential of clothing and adornments in a myriad of contexts: in their rituals, in theatre, and in the political arena, as well as in literature. There is also considerable evidence of innovation, experimentation, and the determined expression of personal style, even in Republican Rome where societal norms or expectations were rigid in regard to clothing, correct grooming, or the use of jewelry, perfume or cosmetics. “Fashion” may be said to encompass any of the four forms. First, there is a conscious manipulation of dress that strives for effect, a “momentary instance” of fashion, “fashion statement” or “fad”. Second, fashion may designate innovations in dress that are more enduring than simple fads. Some of these changes occur abruptly, whether due to political upheavals, economical fluctuations, or even the sudden abundance or scarcity of certain materials; other innovations may develop more deliberately. Third, there is the phenomenon that styles in a particular area of dress change swiftly and repeatedly, with the new ones replacing the old in rapid succession. Finally, fashion may refer specifically to the use of such adornments as cosmetics, fragrance, and jewelry, whose primary purpose is to enhance a wearer's natural features. Primarily considered the preserve of women, this aspect also plays a significant role in the lives of men, especially in the male-dominated societies of Greece and Rome, in which the “correct” appearance was often a necessary prerequisite to a man's political success. 7. According to the author, Ancient Greeks and Romans ________. A) had a sense of fashion B) had many misconceptions about fashion C) had a limited definition of fashion D) did not have a sense of fashion 8. Ancient Greeks and Romans were aware of the potential of modifications to the body to ________. A) break societal norms B) help develop a sense of fashion C) help develop society D) mark various distinctions 9. According to the text, which of the following may lead to enduring innovations in dress? A) A fad. B) The passage of time. C) A sudden scarcity of a particular material. D) Changing tastes of the public. 10. Why did the fourth aspect mentioned by the author play a significant role in the lives of men in Ancient Greece and Rome? A) Because political success could depend on a man's appearance. B) Because grooming was particularly important in ancient societies. C) Because jewelry was primarily the preserve of women. D) Because men had a sense of fashion. 11. It can be inferred from the text that ________. A) humans have had a sense of fashion since the dawn of civilization B) fashion is about more than just clothes C) the ancient Greeks had the most developed sense of fashion D) many people fail to recognize the value of fashion