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阳离子交换膜能在直流电场的作用下选择性地透过电解液中的阳离子使向阴极迁移,阴离子交换膜则能在直流电场的作用下选择性地透过电解液中的阴离子使向阳极迁移。同时在电解槽(称为“电渗析器”)中使用合适型号的这两种膜(简称“阳膜”和“阴膜”),可以在直流电场的作用下进行海水的电渗析使海水淡化。 海水中主要离子的含量平均值如下: Cl - 18 980 mg·L -1 ,Na + :10 560 mg·L -1 , :2 560 mg·L -1 ,Mg 2 + :1 272 mg·L -1 ,Ca 2 + :400 mg·L -1 ,K + :380 mg·L -1 ,HCO 3 - :142 mg·L -1 海水在电渗析器中部分变成淡水的原理,示意图如图2-21所示电渗析器中由许多对阳、阴膜围成的许多“隔室”的宽度都很窄。,各隔室相间流动着“淡水”和“浓水”;在流动着“极水”的以石墨为电极材料的两极发生电解反应。根据需要,可将几台电渗析器串联使用。图中标写的离子符号,提供思考其在电场中的迁移方向。 图2-21 回答下列问题: (1)分别写出海水在电渗析器中所得主要阳极产物和主要阴极产物的化学式。用以石棉布为隔膜的一般的惰性阳极电解槽来电解海水,能用以生产H 2 吗?为什么? (2)致力于发展电渗析法、反渗透法等海水淡化新技术的直接社会效益是什么? (3)已成功地联合应用海水淡化新技术和一般的离子交换树脂净水法,由海水制得纯水。又知海洋水能源(海洋水能发电)有其巨大的开发前景。你认为应怎样综合开发海洋能源,促成人类进入氢能时代?
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They are very nice and comfortable.
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There are not enough trains.
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They often run behind schedule.
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They leave and arrive at the right time.
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意象生成
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She phoned the shoemaker.
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Because she went
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After she went
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raising my voice politely in Japanse
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