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'You are not here to tell me what to do. You are here to tell me why I have done what I have already decided to do', Montagu Norman, the Bank of England's longest-serving governor (1920—1944), is reputed to have once told his economic adviser. Today, thankfully, central banks aim to be more transparent in their decision making, as well as more rational. But achieving either of these things is not always easy. With the most laudable of intentions, the Federal Reserve, America's central bank, may be about to take a step that could backfire. Unlike the Fed, many other central banks have long declared explicit inflation targets and then set interest rates to try to meet these. Some economists have argued that the Fed should do the same. With Alan Greenspan, the Fed's much-respected chairman, due to retire next year—after a mere 18 years in the job—some Fed officials want to adopt a target, presumably to maintain the central bank's credibility in the scary new post-Greenspan era. The Fed discussed such a target at its February meeting, according to minutes published this week. This sounds encouraging. However, the Fed is considering the idea just when some other central banks are beginning to question whether strict inflation targeting really works. At present central banks focus almost exclusively on consumer-price indices. On this measure Mr. Greenspan can boast that inflation remains under control. But some central bankers now argue that the prices of assets, such as houses and shares, should also somehow be taken into account. A broad price index for America which includes house prices is currently running at 5.5%, its fastest pace since 1982. Inflation has simply taken a different form. Should central banks also try to curb increases in such asset prices? Mr. Greenspan continues to insist that monetary policy should not be used to prick asset-price bubbles. Identifying bubbles is difficult, except in retrospect, he says, and interest rates are a blunt weapon: an increase big enough to halt rising prices could trigger a recession. It is better, he says, to wait for a housing or stockmarket bubble to burst and then to cushion the economy by cutting interest rates—as he did in 2001-2002. And yet the risk is not just that asset prices can go swiftly into reverse. As with traditional inflation, surging asset prices also distort price signals and so can cause a misallocation of resources—encouraging too little saving, for example, or too much investment in housing. Surging house prices may therefore argue for higher interest rates than conventional inflation would demand. In other words, strict inflation targeting-the fad of the 1990s—is too crude. The word 'minutes' (Line 6, Paragraph 2) most probably means ______.
A.
record
B.
new-letter
C.
announcement
D.
motive
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【单选题】被动转运的特点是
A.
需要消耗能量
B.
需要载体
C.
逆浓度差转运
D.
顺浓度差转运
E.
有饱和性和竞争性抑制现象
【单选题】在托收项上,单据的缮制通常以( )为依据。如有特殊要求,应参照相应的文件或资料。
A.
信用证
B.
发票
C.
合同
D.
提单
【单选题】被动转运的特点是
A.
从高浓度侧向低浓度侧转运
B.
从低浓度侧向高浓度侧转运
C.
需消耗能量
D.
有饱和限速现象
【单选题】在托收项上,单据的缮制通常以()的依据。如有特殊要求,应参照相应的文件或资料。
A.
信用证
B.
发票
C.
合同
D.
提单
【单选题】检查病牛时,若发现病牛呈现长期、顽固性瘤胃机能障碍,多提示( )
A.
长期前胃弛缓
B.
长期慢性瘤胃臌气
C.
创伤性网胃炎
D.
瓣胃阻塞
E.
真胃扭转
【单选题】被动转运的特点是
A.
从高浓度侧向低浓度侧转运
B.
从低浓度侧向高浓度侧转运
C.
需消耗能量
D.
有竞争性抑制现象
【单选题】被动转运的特点是
A.
从高浓度侧向低浓度侧转运
B.
从低浓度侧向高浓度侧转运
C.
需消耗能量
D.
用以防治及诊断疾病的物质
E.
有竞争性抑制现象
F.
有饱和限速现象
【单选题】被动转运的特点是
A.
从高浓度侧向低浓度侧转运
B.
从低浓度侧向高浓度侧转运
C.
需消耗能量
D.
有竞争性抑制现象
E.
有饱和限速现象
【多选题】被动转运的特点是
A.
有饱和性
B.
没有竞争性抑制
C.
上山转运
D.
下山转运
【单选题】在托收项上,单据的缮制通常以______为依据。如有特殊要求,应参照相应的文件或资料。
A.
信用证
B.
发票
C.
合同
D.
提单
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