Directions: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Fill in each blank with a letter. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Confucianism is a way of life ( 1 ) by Confucius in the 6th–5th century BC.Sometimes viewed as a philosophy, sometimes as a ( 2 ) , Confucianism is perhaps best understood as an all-encompassing humanism that neither ( 3 ) nor slights heaven.Confucianism has been ( 4 ) by the Chinese for more than two millennia. It has deeply influenced spiritual and political life in China; its influence has also ( 5 ) to Korea, Japan, and Vietnam. East Asians may profess themselves to be Shintoists, Taoists, Buddhists, Muslims, or Christians — but seldom do they cease to be Confucians. Confucius was a teacher to sons of the nobility at a time when ( 6 ) education was just beginning in China. He traveled from region to region with a small group of disciples, a number of whom would become important government ( 7 ) . Confucius was not particularly famous during his lifetime, and even considered himself to be a(n) ( 8 ) . He longed to be the advisor to a powerful ruler, and he believed that such a ruler, with the right advice, could bring about an ideal world. Confucius said heaven and the afterlife were beyond human capacity to understand, and one should ( 9 ) concentrate instead on doing the right thing in this life. The earliest records from his students indicate that he did not provide many moral precepts; rather he taught an attitude toward one’s fellow humans of respect, particularly respect for one’s parents, teachers, and elders. He also encouraged his students to learn from everyone they ( 10 ) and to honor others’ cultural norms. Later, his teachings would be translated by authoritarian political philosophers into strict guidelines, and for much of Chinese history Confucianism would be associated with an immutable hierarchy of authority and unquestioning obedience. A) formal B) thought C) followed D) denies E) therefore F) Extended G) then H) created I) encountered J) religion K) influenced L) officials M) admits N) failure O) common