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某校兴趣小组对氢氧化钠溶液和稀盐酸混合后的有关问题,进行了如下探究: Ⅰ.(1)甲同学为了证明氢氧化钠溶液与稀盐酸能够发 生反应,设计并完成了如图所示 实验。 X溶液是 ,滴入的量一般为 。 (2)也设计完成了另一个实验,证明氢氧化钠溶液与盐酸能够发生反应。在氢氧化钠溶液的 试管中,用胶头滴管慢慢滴入稀盐酸,不断振荡溶液,同时测定溶液的pH,直至盐酸过量。 ①写出测定溶液pH的方法: 。 ②上图中哪个图像符合该同学的记录 (填序号)。 (3)你认为甲、位同学的实验中, (填“甲同学”、“”或“甲、同学”)的实验能充分证明氢氧化钠溶液与盐酸发生了反应,请说明理由: 。 Ⅱ.丙同学测出10mL 10%的NaOH溶液和不同体积的10%的盐酸溶液混合过程中,溶液的温度变化见下表(假设两溶液密度相同)。 加入盐酸的 体积( )/mL 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 溶液温度上升 5.2 9.6 12.0 16.0 18.2 16.7 15.7 14.7 13.7 就此实验回答: (4)盐酸和氢氧化钠的反应是 (填“吸热”或“放热”)反应。 (5)请在图中绘制出溶液的温 度上升与加入盐酸体积之间的变化关系图,并在曲线上画出能表示两者之间恰好完全反应的点,并用字母P表示。 Ⅲ.为测定标示质量分数为32%的盐酸的实际质量分数,用pH测定仪组成实验装置。实验在烧杯中加入20g 40%的氢氧化钠溶液,再逐滴加入该盐酸,pH测定仪打印出加入盐酸的质量与烧杯中溶液的pH关系如图所示。 (6)请以此次测定的结果为依据计算该盐酸的实际质量分数为 。 (7)请分析你的计算结果与标签标示的质量分数不一致的可能原因(若一致,此空可不填): 。
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