【多选题】Why does each cell membrane contain a characteristic set of different transporters?
A.
Transporters are responsible for the movement of most small, watersoluble, organic molecules and a handful of inorganic ions across cell membranes. Each transporter is highly selective, often transferring just one type of solute.
B.
To guide and propel the complex traffic of substances into and out of the cell, and between the cytosol and the different membrane-enclosed organelles, each cell membrane contains a characteristic set of different transporters appropriate to that particular membrane.
C.
For example, the plasma membrane contains transporters that import nutrients such as sugars, amino acids, and nucleotides; the lysosome membrane contains an H + transporter that imports H + to acidify the lysosome interior and other transporters that move digestion products out of the lysosome into the cytosol.
D.
T he inner membrane of mitochondria contains transporters for importing the pyruvate that mitochondria use as fuel for generating ATP, as well as transporters for exporting ATP once it is synthesized.
【单选题】Which of the following statements about membrane transporters is wrong?
A.
Membrane proteins that act by increasing the rate of solute movement across membranes are called transporters or carriers.
B.
Transporters are of two general types. Passive transporters simply facilitate movement down a concentration gradient, increasing the transport rate. This process is called passive transport or facilitated diffusion.
C.
Active transporters (sometimes called pumps) can move substrates across a membrane against a concentration gradient or an electrical potential, a process called passive transport.
D.
Primary active transporters use energy provided directly by a chemical reaction; secondary active transporters couple uphill transport of one substrate with downhill transport of another.