Academic writers frequently discuss abstract concepts, events, and actions, and often use noun phrases to express such ideas clearly and concisely. In the following pairs of sentences, the first one is from academic articles and the second one is a paraphrase of that sentence. Fill in the blanks by changing the corresponding verbs or adjectives in the second one.It occurs without the ① to learn and largely without of the nature of what has been learned.It is not that learning happens when the learners intend to learn or are aware of the nature of what has been learned.