Most of the people who appear most often and most gloriously in the history hooks are great conquerors and generals and soldiers, whereas the people who really helped civilization forward are often never mentioned at all. We do not know【1】first set a broken leg, or launched a seaworthy boat, or calculated the length of the year【2】we know all about the killers and destroyers. People think【3】them, so much so that on all the highest columns in the great cities of the world you will find the【4】 of a conqueror or a general or a soldier. And I think most people【5】that the greatest countries are those that have beaten in battle the greatest number of【6】countries and ruled over them as conquerors. It is just【7】they are, but they are not the most civilized. Animals【8】 so do savages (野蛮人) hence to be good at fighting【9】be good in the way in which an animal or a savage is good but it is not to be【10】. Even being good at getting other people to fight for you and telling them how to do it most【11】—this, after all, is what conquerors and generals have done—is not being civilized. People fight to【12】quarrels. Fighting means killing, and civilized peoples ought to be able to【13】some way of settling their disputes other than by seeing which side can【14】the greater number of the other side, and then saying that that side which has killed【15】has won. And not only has won, but, because it has won, has been 【16】. For that is what going to war means it means【17】that might is right. That is what the story of mankind has【18】been like. Even our own age has fought the two greatest wars in history,【19】millions of people were killed or disabled. And while today it is true that people do not fight and kill each other in the streets—【20】, that is to say, we have got to the stage of keeping the rules and behaving properly to each other in daily life—nations and countries have not learnt to do this yet, and still behave like savages. (1)