Which one of the options is the paraphrased version to the following source material? Source material: Political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence.28 The emergence and rise of exclusionary national ideologies, such as ethnic nationalism and religious fundamentalism, can be destabilizing as well. The emergence of dehumanizing ideologies, which literally deny the humanity of other ethnic groups, is particularly dangerous because it is often the precursor to genocidal slaughter. ---- Brown Michael E.“The Causes of Internal Conflict: An Overview”. Nationalism and Ethnic Conflict. Cambridge: MIT, 2001. 14. (Note: MLA formate is used in-text citation. “14”is the page number of the source.)
A.
In the case of Rwanda, both overt ethnic discrimination and a weak state led to genocide. The state had not protected the civil liberties of the Tutsis, thus failing to uphold true democratic principles. In fact, as Michael Brown suggests, violence often results from the end of an authoritarian government and its replacement with a more democratic society. Violence is also more likely when an authoritarian society gives way to ethnic nationalism or religious fundamentalism. When emerging ideologies dehumanize certain ethnic groups, the conditions are also ripe for genocide (14).
B.
In the case of Rwanda, both overt ethnic discrimination and a weak state led to genocide. The state had not protected the civil liberties of the Tutsis, thus failing to uphold true democratic principles. In fact, political transitions brought about by the collapse of authoritarian rule, democratization, or political reforms also make states particularly prone to violence. The emergence and rise of exclusionary national ideologies, such as ethnic nationalism and religious fundamentalism, can be destabilizing as well. The emergence of dehumanizing ideologies is often the precursor to genocidal slaughter.