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【简答题】
为探究药物 X 对糖尿病脑病的治疗作用,研究者做了如下实验。 (1)糖尿病是由于______ 分泌不足等原因引起的代谢紊乱综合征。长期高血糖会引起某些大脑神经元损伤,这些神经元释放的乙酰胆碱是一种兴奋性的______,其释放量减少会导致大脑认知功能下降,出现糖尿病脑病。 (2)研究者将若干只生长状况相同的大鼠均分为6 组,其中 1 组大鼠作为空白对照组 2-6 组大鼠用特定药物处理。一段时间后,分别给 6 组大鼠注射等量生理盐水、不同浓度的药物 X 和药物 D (用于糖尿病脑病治疗的常规药物),21 天后检测 1-5 组大鼠的血糖和体重,结果如下表。 1 实验中 2-6 组大鼠用特定药物处理的目的是获得 ______ 大鼠。 2 第 3-5 组结果说明,药物X 能够使大鼠 ______ 和______ 的现象得到明显缓解,且随药物 X 浓度升高作用效果增强。 (3)研究发现,出现糖尿病脑病的大鼠学习记忆能力下降,乙酰胆碱酯酶是学习记忆功能调节的关键酶。为进一步研究药物 X 的治疗效果,研究者检测上述 1-6 组大鼠大脑神经组织中乙酰胆碱酯酶的活性,结果见下图。 1 乙酰胆碱在乙酰胆碱酯酶催化下产生胆碱和乙酸,显色剂可与胆碱反应,使胆碱显色。研究者将 1-6 组显色结果与 ______ 相比较,检测单位时间内胆碱生成量,从而计算得到______。 2 由 ______ 判断,药物 X 可能作为治疗糖尿病脑病的新型药物。
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