听力原文： It seems so natural to put up an umbrella to keep the water off when it rains. But actually the umbrella was not invented as protection against rain, its first use was as a shade against the sun. Nobody knows who first invented it, but the umbrella was used in very ancient times. Probably the first to use it were the Chinese, way back in the eleventh century B. C. We know that the umbrella was used in ancient Egypt and Babylon as a sun shade. And there was a strange thing connected with its use: It becomes a symbol of honor and authority. In the Far East in ancient times, the umbrella was allowed to be used only by royalty or by those in high office. In Europe, the Greeks were the first to use the umbrella as a sunshade. And the umbrella was in common use in ancient Greece. But it is believed that the first persons in Europe to use the umbrella as a protection against the rain were the ancient Romans. During the Middle Age, the use of umbrella practically disappeared. Then it appeared again in Italy in the late sixteenth century. And again it was considered as a symbol of the power and authority. By 1680, the umbrella appeared in France, and later on in England. By the eighteenth century, the umbrella was used against rain throughout most of Europe. Umbrellas have not changed much in style. during all the time, though they have become much lighter in weight. It wasn't until the twentieth century that women's umbrellas began to be made, in a whole variety of colors. (33)