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表11-1和表11-2说明了欧洲政府可以通过补贴获得战略优势的情形,而表11-3和表11-4则说明不能获得战略优势的情形。两种情形有什么重要的区别?也即决定补贴是否有效的普遍规则是什么? Tables 11-1 and 11-2 presented a situation in which European governments were able to use a subsidy to achieve a strategic advantage.while Tables 11-3 and 11-4 presented a situation in which it could not.What is the crucial distinction between these two cases? That is.what is the general rule for determining when a subsidy can work?