which sentence is the topic sentence in this paragraph? Space syntax has seen significant application in the architectural profession. Examples for indoor space syntax analysis include workspace analysis using visibility graphs (Sailer, Koutsolampros, Austwick, Varoudis, & Hudson-Smith, 2016; Sailer & McCulloh, 2012), in which social ties and inter-personal interaction between colleagues (and thus very relevant space use) is examined as a result of spatial configuration (Koutsolampros, Sailer, & Varoudis, 2018). In a similar fashion, outdoor urban activity in terms of route preference has been studied extensively using graph networks and axial maps (Penn, 2003; Turner, 2007), demonstrating its applicability across multiple scales of the architectural and urban design professions (Dursun, 2007; Karimi, 2012).