What Is the Coolest Gas in the Universe? ?? What isthe coldest air temperature ever recorded on the Earth? Where was this lowtemperature recorded? The coldestrecorded temperature on Earth was -91'C , which _________(51) in Antarctica in 1983.?? ?? Weencounter an interesting situation when we discuss temperatures in_________(52)tempera- tures in Earth orbit actually range from about 200C t0 1200C. Thetemperature depends upon ______________(53) you are in direct sunlight orshade. Obviously, -1200C is colder than our body can safely endure. Thank NASAscience for well-designed space ________ (54) that protect astronauts fromthese temper-ature ??????extremes. ???? ?? ?? The space temperatures just discussed affectonly our areal of the solar________ (55). Obviously, it is hotter closer to theSun and colder as we travel away from the Sun Astronomers estimate temperaturesat Plu- to are about -2IOoC. How cold is the lowest estimated temperature inthe entire universe? Again, it depends upon your ___________ (56). We are taught it is supposedly_________ (57) to have a temperaturebelow absolute zer0, which is -273'C , at which atoms do not move. Two scientists, whose names are Cornell andWieman, have successfully cooled down a gas to a temperature barely________140-(58) absolute zero. They won a NobelPrize in Physics in 2001 for their work-nota discovery, in this case.?? ?? Why isthe two scientists work so important to science????? ?? In the1920s, Satyendra Nath Bose was studying an interesting _ (59) about special light particles we nowcall photons. Bose had trouble _____________ (60) other scientists to believe histheory, _________(61) he contacted AlbertEinstein. Einstein's calculations helped him. theorize that atoms (62) behave as Bose thought-butonly at very cold temperatures.?? ?? Scientists have also discovered that _(63) atoms can help them makethe world's atomic docks even more accurate. These clocks are so accurate todaythey would only lose one second _(64) six million years ! Such accuracy will. help us travel in spacebecause distance is velocity times time (d = vX t). With the long distancesinvolved in space ____________(65) , we need to know time as accurately aspossible to get accurate distance.??