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【简答题】
语法方面,有些古代特有的语序,像“吾谁欺?”“不我知”“夜以继日”,现代不用了。有些现代常用的格式,像“把书看完”这种“把”字式,“看得仔细”这种“得”字式,是古代没有的。可是总起来看,如果把虚词除外,语法的变化不如词汇的变化那么大。 1 语音,因为汉字不是标音为主,光看文字看不出的变化。 现代的人可以用现代字音来读古代的书,这就掩盖了语音变化的真相。2 其实的差别是很大的, 从几件事情上可以看出来。第一,旧诗都是押韵的,可是有许多诗现在念起来不押韵了。例如的诗:“离离,一岁一枯荣 (r ó ng) 。野火烧不尽,春风吹又生 (sh ē ng) 。侵古道,晴翠接荒城 (ch é ng) 。又送王孙去,萋萋满别情 (q í ng) 。”这还是唐朝的诗,比这更早一千多年的《诗经》里的用韵跟现代的差别就更大了。其次,3 旧诗里边的“近体诗”非常讲究诗句内部的平仄,可是许多诗句按现代音来读是“平仄不调”的 。例如的诗:“青山横北,白水绕东城。此地一为别,孤蓬万里征......”“”“白”“一”“别”四个字原来都是入声,归入仄声,可是现在“”“一”是阴平,“白”“别”是阳平,于是这四句诗就成为“平平平仄平,平仄仄平平,仄仄平平平,平平仄仄平”了。又其次,汉字的造字法里用得最多的是形声法,常常是甲字从声,可是有许多 这样的字按现代的读音来看是不可理解的。例如“”从“工”得声,“”从“番”得,“泣”从“立”得声,“提”从“是”得声,“通”从“甬”得声,“路”从“各”得声,“”从“龙”得声,“移”从“多”得声,“谅”从“京”得声,“悔”从“每”得声,等等。从上面这些事例看来,4 汉字的读音,无论是声母、韵母、声调,都已经有了很大的变化了。
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举一反三
【单选题】If you are given the job of adding hydraulic fluid to a mooring winch, and are not certain as to the type of fluid to use, you should ().
A.
add fluid that is the same color as the fluid in the reservoir
B.
add turbine oil because it is always a good substitute
C.
add any oil that has the same viscosity as the hydraulic fluid
D.
check the winch manufacturers instruction book
【简答题】cerebrospinal fluid imaging
【简答题】基因矫正(gene correction)
【单选题】The pressure at point in a fluid is the same in all directions only when the fluid is :
A.
perfect gas
B.
imcompressible
C.
at rest
D.
Newtonian fluid
【多选题】以下古代名楼属于江西省的有( )
A.
滕王阁
B.
浔阳楼
C.
鹳雀楼
D.
郁孤台
E.
八境台
【单选题】A disadvantage of fluid measuring is that ______.
A.
fluid saturation of rocks can be caused by changes other than strain
B.
present scientific instruments are not able to provide precise measurement
C.
the electrical properties of the rock itself also change, the fluid capacity of rocks
D.
fractures in these rocks are often so serious that accurate measurement is impossible
【判断题】The main principle for error correction is that self correction is the best.()
A.
正确
B.
错误
【多选题】以下古代名楼属于江西省的有( )。
A.
滕王阁
B.
浔阳楼
C.
郁孤台
D.
八境台
E.
鹳雀楼
【单选题】What is interstitial fluid (IF)?
A.
The liquid part of blood
B.
Fluid in the space around cells
C.
Fluid found inside lymphatic vessels
D.
Sticky fluid on respiratory mucosa
【单选题】Incompressible fluid means ( ).
A.
The balance of fluid
B.
The movement of fluid
C.
Inviscid fluid
D.
Ignore the changes of density
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