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【简答题】
(10分)某实验小组用0.50 mol·L -1 NaOH溶液和0.50 mol·L -1 硫酸溶液进行中和热的测定。 Ⅰ.配制0.50 mol·L -1 NaOH溶液 (1)若实验中大约要使用245 mL NaOH溶液,至少需要称量NaOH固体________g。 (2)从下图中选择称量NaOH固体所需要的仪器(填字母):__________。 名称 托盘天平(带砝码) 小烧杯 坩埚钳 玻璃棒 药匙 量筒 仪器 序号 a b c d e f Ⅱ.测定稀硫酸和稀氢氧化钠中和热的实验装置如下图所示。 (1)写出该反应的热化学方程式(中和热为57.3 kJ·mol -1 ):_________________________ ________________________________________________________________________。 (2)取50 mL NaOH溶液和30 mL硫酸溶液进行实验,实验数据如下表。 ①请填写下表中的空白: 温度 实验次数 起始温度t 1 /℃ 终止温度t 2 /℃ 温度差平均值 (t 2 -t 1 )/℃ H 2 SO 4 NaOH 平均值 1 26.2 26.0 26.1 30.1 2 27.0 27.4 27.2 31.2 3 25.9 25.9 25.9 29.8 4 26.4 26.2 26.3 30.4 ②近似认为0.50 mol·L -1 NaOH溶液和0.50 mol·L -1 硫酸溶液的密度都是1 g·cm -3 ,中和后生成溶液的比热容c=4.18 J·g -1 ·℃ -1 。则中和热ΔH=_______________________(取小数点后一位)。 ③上述实验数值结果与57.3 kJ·mol -1 有偏差,产生偏差的原因可能是(填字母)____________。 a.实验装置保温、隔热效果差 b.量取NaOH溶液的体积时仰视读数 c.分多次把NaOH溶液倒入硫酸的小烧杯中 d.用温度计测定NaOH溶液起始温度后直接测定H 2 SO 4 溶液的温度
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B.
洗涤剂中要求表面活性剂的亲油基和亲水基要保持相对平衡。
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