如何运用已经学过的翻译技巧译出下文中的划线部分? Probably the first question that occurs to anyone who picks up a book is, "What is it about?" A casual reader can find a casual answer on the title page, or in the table of contents, or from the blurb on the book jacket. He can discover that it is a book about an arctic explorer, or about a boy who runs away to sea, or it may be about a pioneer family in the Middle West. Such a cursory glance may satisfy random curiosity and determine a book's immediate appeal, but the critical reader has more than a casual question to ask of the book heap raises. The publisher's reader who reads the manuscript of a book, the critic who review sit, the librarian who selects it for a children's library, may individually view the same book from differing points of view. The publisher's reader may consider it from the standpoint of its potential returns to the publishing house concerned. The critic in writing his review is concerned with bringing the book to the particular public for which it will hold interest. The librarian, on the other hand, will consider the book's suitability to take its place in a carefully selected collection. The final judgment, although arrived at from different points of view, should be based on similar principles, on a knowledge of literature and on a conception of literary standards, for on these the authority of any appraisal rests.