In deciding whether or not to accept a special order, what is the opportunity cost of using machinery for which the firm has sufficient excess capacity to accept the order?
A.
The historical cost of the machinery.
B.
The undepreciated cost of the machinery.
C.
The same machinery cost allocated to regular production orders.
【多选题】What are the functions of reverse transcriptases?
A.
Reverse transcriptases catalyze three different reactions: (1) RNAdependent DNA synthesis, (2) RNA degradation, and (3) DNA-dependent DNA synthesis. Like many DNA and RNA polymerases, reverse transcriptases contain Zn 2+ .
B.
Each transcriptase is most active with the RNA of its own virus, but each can be used experimentally to make DNA complementary to a variety of RNAs. The DNA and RNA synthesis and RNA degradation activities use separate active sites on the protein. For DNA synthesis to begin, the reverse transcriptase requires a primer, a cellular tRNA obtained during an earlier infection and carried in the viral particle.
C.
This tRNA is base-paired at its 3′ end with a complementary sequence in the viral RN The new DNA strand is synthesized in the 5′ → 3′ direction, as in all RNA and DNA polymerase reactions. Reverse transcriptases, like RNA polymerases, do not have 3′ → 5′ proofreading exonucleases.
D.
They generally have error rates of about 1 per 20,000 nucleotides added. An error rate this high is extremely unusual in DNA replication and seems to be a characteristic of most enzymes that replicate the genomes of RNA viruses. A consequence is a higher mutation rate and faster rate of viral evolution, which is a factor in the frequent appearance of new strains of disease-causing retroviruses.